What's covered
Key facts
Cavaliers were King Charles I's supporters during the Civil War.
Charles I was executed in London on 30 January 1649.
The Civil Wars were fought over the rival claims of king and Parliament to political and religious authority.
Immediately after Charles I's execution, the Rump Parliament abolished the monarchy and declared England a Commonwealth (republic).
Charles I's quarrels with Parliament over taxation, religion, and royal prerogative triggered the conflict.
Cromwell's Puritan regime is conventionally said to have banned both Christmas celebrations and theatre performances.
The English Civil War broke out in 1642.
Oliver Cromwell ruled England as Lord Protector during the Interregnum.
The two sides were the Royalists (Cavaliers), who supported the king, and the Parliamentarians (Roundheads), who supported Parliament.
Cromwell took the title Lord Protector in December 1653.
Sample questions
A taste of the 28 questions in this topic — answers marked. Sign up to practise the full set with spaced repetition.
What names were given to the two sides in the English Civil War?
- •Catholics and Protestants only
- ✓Royalists (Cavaliers) and Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
- •Whigs and Tories of later party politics
- •Yorkists and Lancastrians as in the Roses
Who ruled England as Lord Protector during the Interregnum?
- •Charles II in exile
- •John Pym
- ✓Oliver Cromwell
- •Thomas Fairfax
Why did Charles I rule without Parliament from 1629 to 1640?
- ✓He disagreed with MPs over taxation and religion
- •Parliament had voted to dissolve itself permanently
- •Plague had killed most of the MPs of the time
- •The Pope had banned all English Parliaments
What happened in England immediately after Charles I's execution in 1649?
- •Charles II returned from exile and reclaimed the throne
- •Cromwell was crowned King by Parliament within a few months
- ✓Parliament abolished the monarchy and declared England a Commonwealth
- •Scotland invaded and briefly took control of southern England
Which 1644 battle was a Parliamentarian victory featuring the New Model Army?
- •Battle of Edgehill
- ✓Battle of Marston Moor
- •Battle of Naseby
- •Battle of Preston
What was Oliver Cromwell's title from 1653?
- •King of England
- ✓Lord Protector
- •Prime Minister
- •Speaker of House
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