What's covered
Key facts
Acoustic encoding stores information as sound, e.g. repeating a phone number.
The study's aim was to test whether memory is reconstructed using schemas rather than recalled exactly.
A delay or counting task before recall removes the recency effect but leaves primacy intact, showing recency relies on STM.
Encoding is converting (inputting) information into a form that can be held in memory.
Bartlett concluded that memory is reconstructive: people change recall to fit their own schemas and beliefs.
Long-term memory has an unlimited capacity and can last a lifetime.
Episodic memory stores personal events and experiences from your life, e.g. your first day at school.
Bartlett conducted the War of the Ghosts study in 1932.
Long-term memory mainly codes information semantically (by meaning).
Memory involves three processes: encoding, storage and retrieval.
Sample questions
A taste of the 52 questions in this topic, answers marked. Sign up to practise the full set with spaced repetition.
Which memory process converts information into a form that can be held in memory?
- ✓Encoding
- •Rehearsal
- •Retrieval
- •Storage
In which year did Bartlett conduct the War of the Ghosts study?
- •1914
- ✓1932
- •1956
- •1968
What are the three stores in the multi-store model of memory?
- •Encoding store, retrieval store, storage store
- •Iconic store, echoic store, semantic store
- ✓Sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory
- •Sensory register, working memory, episodic memory
Which of these is one of the three types of encoding?
- •Episodic encoding
- •Procedural encoding
- ✓Semantic encoding
- •Sensory encoding
What did Bartlett's study aim to test about memory recall?
- •How quickly forgetting happens after first learning something
- •Whether memory capacity is limited to about seven items
- ✓Whether memory is reconstructed using schemas rather than recalled exactly
- •Whether rehearsal moves memories into long-term storage
In the multi-store model, what moves information from STM into LTM?
- •Attention to the stimulus
- •Decay of the memory trace
- •Displacement by new information
- ✓Rehearsal of the information
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