Principles of nutrition
What's covered
Key facts
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate provides about 4 kcal of energy per gram.
Fats
Butter is a source of saturated fat.
Minerals
Calcium is needed for strong bones and teeth.
Protein
Combining two LBV plant proteins to get all essential amino acids is called protein complementing (or complementation).
Vitamins
You cannot easily overdose on water-soluble vitamins because excess is excreted in urine.
Water
Athletes need more fluid because they lose more water through sweat during exercise.
Carbohydrates
UK dietary advice is that carbohydrate should supply about half of daily energy.
Fats
Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are essential fatty acids: the body cannot make them.
Minerals
Dark leafy greens such as spinach are a good plant source of iron.
Protein
Eggs are a high biological value (HBV) protein source.
Practice questions with answers
A taste of the 89 questions in this topic, answers marked. Sign up to practise the full set with spaced repetition.
What's the body's main and most quickly-used source of energy?
- •dietary protein
- ✓glucose from carbohydrate
- •stored fat reserves
- •vitamins and minerals
Which fat raises bad (LDL) cholesterol most?
- •omega-3 fat
- •polyunsaturated fat
- ✓saturated fat
- •unsaturated fat
Which mineral is needed to make haemoglobin?
- •Calcium
- •Iodine
- ✓Iron
- •Sodium
Which is a high biological value (HBV) protein source?
- •beans
- ✓eggs
- •peanuts
- •rice
Which food is a good source of vitamin C?
- •Cheese
- •Fish
- •Milk
- ✓Peppers
How much water should an adult drink daily?
- •1 litre
- •10 to 12 glasses
- •2 to 3 glasses
- ✓6 to 8 glasses
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